(Cyp 3.1.2.3)

Clarify how hypotheses of advancement and structures to help improvement impact current practice (CYP 3. 1. 2. 3) Jean Piaget is the most generally known about every single instructive scholar and maybe the primary supporter of current act of training. Piaget made tremendous commitments to the heading, which means and comprehension of contemporary constructivism. Instances of Piaget's commitments incorporate his thoughts that information ought to be effectively built by a youngster and learning exercises should coordinate the degree of the advancement phase of every kid. Additionally, a few significant ways to deal with the national educational program and guidance depend on Piaget’s hypothesis. For example, Piaget affected many showing strategies, for example, the emphasis on the procedure of the kid's reasoning and the dynamic job of the student. Piaget's attention on the procedure of the youngster thinking advanced the improvement of the phases of psychological turn of events. Instructors utilize the phases in the present study hall as an approach to measure a kid's psychological working. This allows the improvement of exercises and learning encounters that are at the right psychological advancement stage for the kid's capacity to learn. Piaget perceived that youngsters must act naturally started and effectively associated with learning exercises. A present utilization of this idea today can be discovered, a large number of the national educational program material incorporate intuitive exercises and even instructive programming for the kid to take part in self-controlled learning. Another notable, and maybe one of the most questionable scholars to date, is Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytic hypotheses of advancement started with crafted by Freud, who accepted that youth encounters lastingly affected further improvement of the individual accordingly having an enduring impact over the manner in which kids are instructed today and the brain research behind the manner in which this is executed. For instance, early training through play, making it both a pleasant and positive experience for kids. Abraham Maslow built up a humanistic hypothesis that has affected training. This wide impact is expected to some degree to the significant level of common sense of Maslow's hypothesis, numerous individuals discover they can comprehend what Maslow says and they can identify with certain highlights of their experience or conduct which they have never articulated. Humanists don't accept that individuals are pushed and pulled by mechanical powers, both of improvements and fortifications (behaviorism) or of oblivious instinctual driving forces (analysis). Humanists center upon possibilities, they accept that people make progress toward an upper degree of capacities and look for the outskirts of innovativeness, the most noteworthy compasses of cognizance and astuteness. Maslow calls this level â€Å"self-actualisation† inside his ‘hierarchy of needs’. Maslow accepts that the main explanation that an individual would not move well toward self-actualisation is a result of preventions set in their manner by society. He expresses that training is one of these blocks, he suggests ways instruction can change from its typical individual hindering strategies to individual developing methodologies. JOANNE CORBETT Maslow states that teachers ought to react to the potential an individual has for developing into a self-actualising individual and this has had extraordinary impact over the manner in which instruction is presently educated. Educators are taking a stab at all encompassing individual learning encounters as opposed to mass class lead draws near, current practice incorporates capacity gathering and assets set up for ‘gifted and talented’ youngsters. The structures for current practice are for the most part based around a comprehensive methodology. Social instructional method bolsters improvement and expect an all encompassing way to deal with children’s needs †wellbeing, tutoring, recreation, family life, profound life, etc †the entire kid. It teams up training with every single other region associated with how a kid creates. Albert Bandura has a significant influence in all encompassing advancement today; he is believed to be one of the most powerful scholars of current instruction, with his social learning hypothesis which accepts individuals learn new conduct through observational learning of the social factors in their condition. For instance, on the off chance that individuals watch positive, wanted results, at that point they are bound to display, copy and embrace the conduct themselves. Educators presently comprehend the significance of giving an expert, positive good example for youngsters to turn upward to. Burrhus Frederic Skinner is the American scholar behind operant molding which manages the adjustment of â€Å"voluntary† (operant) conduct. Operant molding is kept up by its results of support and discipline, both positive and negative. One of the particular parts of Skinner's hypothesis is that it endeavored to give social clarifications to a wide scope of subjective wonders. For instance, Skinner clarified inspiration as far as hardship and fortification calendars along these lines perant molding has been generally applied inside educating with the utilization of encouraging feedback especially for inspiration and study hall the executives. Which carry us to our last scholar, John Watson who created behaviorism with old style molding, most disputably with â€Å"Little Albert† a multi month old kid he (alongside Rayner) adapted to fear a white rodent, where the boosts was directed (as contradict to Skinner, who directs the reaction). Educators can apply old style moldi ng in the class by making a positive study hall condition to assist kids with conquering tension or dread. Matching an uneasiness inciting circumstance, for example, acting before a gathering, with wonderful environmental factors enables the youngster to learn new affiliations. Rather than feeling on edge and tense in these circumstances, the youngster will figure out how to remain loose and quiet. This exposition isn't comprehensive of the numerous hypotheses which have advanced training and the manner in which it is as of now rehearsed however simply gives a diagram of a portion of the main scholars that are used inside schools today. 901 WordsJOANNE CORBETT

The Meaning of Sovereignty, and Its Extent in Contemporary Essay

The Meaning of Sovereignty, and Its Extent in Contemporary Nation-States. Sway in the Asia-Pacific Region - Essay Example The 21st century saw somewhere in the range of 200 autonomous states in the global network, the biggest number of free states ever (Tsoundarou, 2002). The key factor for a state to be declared autonomous is its capacity to adequately practice its power unhampered by outside or inward powers. The idea of sway is commonly referred to by all as a definitive force for self-assurance in a free state. It is in many cases compared with freedom or opportunity. There is general understanding with respect to its portrayal: sway is total, boundless, indefeasible, natural, and resolute (Underhill, 1808); it is subjective or absolute, not quantitative and consequently not equipped for depiction in rate terms (Weber, 2011). Preferably, sway dwells in the individuals, despite the fact that the administration practices the sovereign demonstration in their name. As of late, be that as it may, advancements in universal relations have made it important to adjust our idea of power, so as to make useful structures among countries that better location the objectives of globalization and worldwide participation. This article sets the contention that the generally internally looking idea of power being sought after by states in the Asia-Pacific district has gone about as an imperative on the improvement of a solid territorial association that would better serve their inclinations in a globalizing world. The transcendent Westphalian power to which the Asia-Pacific countries stick is to a great extent contradictory to the â€Å"pooling† of sway that is an essential to territorial unification. In such manner, the Asia-Pacific locale isn't set up to meet the goals of globalization. The Meaning of Sovereignty The word â€Å"sovereignty† has been utilized from numerous points of view that a level of vagueness encompasses the assurance of its importance. Indeed, there have been a few creators who completely express that power is difficult to characterize (Uruena, 2006). To repr esent the unpredictability of sway as an idea, a scientific classification by Stephen Krasner (1999, in Weber, 2011, p. 3; Cohan, 1995, pp.912-916; and Jackson, 2006, pp. 63-64) recognized four distinct uses: (1) Domestic sway, that relates to the force structure of state political position, just as how much control is affected and forced by this power; (2) Interdependent power, relating to the degree by which the political authority can impact the section and departure through its fringes; (3) International legitimate power, that relates to the acknowledgment concurred to different states and which different states accord it; and (4) Westphalian sway, that conventional type of power which avoids every single remote component from its political procedures. The general impression of â€Å"sovereignty† is that focal force held by regular accord of country states for the political leader of that state. This started with the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648, also called the â€Å"Pe ace Treaty between the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of France and their separate Allies.† Composed of 128 provisos, the report was initially intended to contain the moment subtleties denoting the finish of the Thirty Years War. It incorporates the arrival of landholdings to the distinctive medieval rulers, with the vow not to meddle in the system being actualized in domains other than their own. In actuality, the intensity of the sovereign established on the â€Å"claim of blessed prevalence was given to the rulers and rulers who practice their own nearby predominance† (Jackson, 2006, p. 62). This thought of irrefutably the privilege of the sovereign was in the long run taken to be the â€Å"

What is the Federal Unemployment Tax (FUTA)

What is the Federal Unemployment Tax (FUTA) If you own a business, you have probably heard about a tax known as FUTA. It is good to know about this often misunderstood tax because it affects your business’s bottom line. In addition, failure to pay the FUTA tax can result in harsh penalties, such as huge fines, potential criminal liability, or possible jail time. So, what exactly is FUTA tax? How does it work? Who is required to pay it? Where does it go? How is it calculated? In this article, we take a look at everything you need to know about FUTA tax. The Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) is a federal legislation that gives the government the mandate to impose a tax on employers with the aim of collecting revenue which goes to the state unemployment programs. The tax is paid based on a percentage of total wages paid to employees. The funds collected through the FUTA tax are used to pay unemployment compensation to employees who have lost their jobs. While the FUTA tax is based on the wages paid to employees, it is only im posed on employers, not employees. This means that no portion of the tax is deducted from employee wages. The employer is required to deposit the FUTA tax on a quarterly basis. In addition, they have to file the IRS Form 940 at the end of each year. The FUTA tax was created following the Great Depression of the 1930s. After witnessing the devastating effects of the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt felt that was a need to come up with a federal system to protect workers who lost their jobs because of such an economic downturn. In 1934, he formed the Committee on Economic Security, whose aim was to provide a soft landing for those who had lost their jobs due to the Great Depression and to prepare in case a similar downturn happened in future. The committee’s top priority was to come up with some form of unemployment insurance, leading to the creation of the Social Security Act of 1935, which guaranteed workers an income to retired workers. In 1939, the FUTA was born from the Social Security Act, guaranteeing a temporary and partial wage replacement for employees who had lost their jobs involuntarily. In addition to preventing the need for welfare relief for employees who had lost their jobs, such a wage replacement program would also maintain their purchasing power, thereby helping keep the economy afloat during recessions.  WHO BENEFITS FROM FUTA?FUTA is meant to provide financial relief to employees who have lost their jobs. However, not all employees are eligible for unemployment compensation. Only employees who have lost their jobs involuntarily, through no fault of their own â€" such as through downsizing, because the business shut down, or quitting because of hazardous work environment â€" are eligible. Employees who have been fired because of non-performance or misconduct are not eligible to claim the benefits provided by FUTA. Once a former employee claims unemployment insurance through the state unemployment agency, you (the employer) will receive something known as a “Notice of Unemployment Insurance Claim Filed.” The aim of this form is to find out whether the former employee is eligible for unemployment compensation. The form requests basic information about the employee, including the reason behind their loss of work. If you confirm that your former employee is eligible, he or she will start receiving checks from the state unemployment agency. You also have the option of contesting the claim if you believe that your ex-employee is not eligible. However, if you decide to contest the claim, you should have documentation to show the reason behind the termination of the employee’s employment.IS FUTA THE SAME AS SUTA?Many employers often confuse these two taxes, FUTA and SUTA. The confusion stems from the fact that both are unemployment taxes. However, the FUTA is an unemployment tax collected by the federal government, while the SUTA is an unemployment tax collected by the state. Businesses are expected to pay both the FUTA and SUTA. Unlike FUTA which is constant across all states, SUTA varies depending on the state. SUTA rates are determined based on factors like the size of the business, the length of time a business has been in operation, the unemployment rate within the state, the number of former employees who have successfully claimed unemployment compensation, as well as the industry the employer is in. In some states, the SUTA is sometimes referred to as State Unemployment Insurance (SUI). It is also good to note that businesses that pay their SUTA in time are eligible for a tax credit on their FUTA payments. WHO IS REQUIRED TO PAY FUTA TAX? Any business that has employees is required to apply for a Federal Employer ID Number (EIN), which acts as registration for your business and allows you to make payments towards the federal unemployment insurance. As an employer, you are required to pay FUTA if:You paid wages amounting to or exceeding $1,500 in any calendar quarter of the year. You had at least one employee for some part of a day or more in at least 20 different weeks during the year. This includes full-time, part-time and temporary employees. You paid wages amounting to or exceeding $1,000 in any calendar quarter of the year to a household employee. A household employee is defined as any employee performs any type of household work in a local college club, a sorority chapter, a local fraternity or a private home. You paid cash wages amounting to or exceeding $20,000 in any calendar quarter of the year to farmworkers. You employed at least 10 farmworkers or some part of a day or more (even if not at the same time) in at least 20 different weeks during the year.You should take note that you do not pay any FUTA on independent contractors, since they are not considered as employees. This is one of the reasons that small businesses prefer hiring independent contractors instead of employees. In addition to not providing pay benefits, businesses that hire contractors are not required to pay payroll taxes like FUTA. HOW MUCH IS FUTA TAX?Like I mentioned earlier, FUTA tax is based on employee wages. The FUTA tax rate for 2018 is 6%. The tax is only applicable to the first $7,000 paid to each employee within a calendar year. This means that you should stop paying the FUTA tax once you have paid more than $7,000 to an employee. The $7,000 threshold is referred to as the wage base. Based on the 6% tax rate, the largest amount of FUTA tax you are required to pay per employee in a given year is $420 (0.06 x $7,000).I also mentioned that employers are required to pay both FUTA and SUTA. Employers who pay SUTA can take a tax credit which is deducted from the amount of FUTA tax they are supposed to pay. The maximum allowed of tax credit allowed is 5.4% of the taxable income. This means that the effective FUTA tax rate for employers who qualify for the highest amount of tax credit is reduced to 0.6% (6% minus 5.4%). Therefore, the minimum amou nt of FUTA that an employer can pay per employee in a given year is $42 (0.006 x $7,000).COMPENSATION PAYMENTS EXEMPTED FROM FUTA TAXWhile FUTA tax is based on payments made to employees, there are some payments that are exempted when calculating the FUTA tax. These include: Group term life insurance benefits. Contributions made by the employer towards an employee’s retirement account, such as a 401(k).Fringe benefits offered to employees, including things like contributions to employee health plans, insurance premiums, meals and lodging, mileage reimbursements, reimbursements of qualified moving expenses, and so on.Wages that are paid by the business owner to a spouse.Any wages that are paid to a child by the parent or vice versa, provided the child is below the age of 21.Payments that are made for services which were not performed within United States territory. Any money that is earned by an employee after they have died. In this case, these funds are handed to the employee’s estate and are taxable. In addition to these payments, there are other conditions which exempt employers from paying FUTA tax. For instance, companies that are exempted from paying income tax under 501(c)(3) are not required to pay any unemployment tax. Wages paid to employees are also not subject to FUTA tax if they come from a foreign government’s international organization. Wages coming from any United States governmental agency are also exempted from the FUTA tax. There are several other conditions that exempt employers from paying FUTA. For instance, payments made by a hospital to interns are not subject to the FUTA tax. Similarly, payments made by a school to a student of the same school are exempted from FUTA tax, as well as payments made by media companies to newspaper distributors who have not attained the age of 18. In addition, non-profit organizations are not required to pay FUTA tax on wages paid to their employees. The best thing is to check with your state office t o confirm any types of employee wages or benefits that are exempted from the FUTA tax.HOW TO CALCULATE FUTA TAXTo calculate how much you might expect to pay as FUTA tax, you should start by first calculating the total amount that is taxable under FUTA. To do this, you should follow the following steps:Add the gross pay of all employees plus any other cash and non-cash benefits offered to employees.From this figure, deduct any payments and benefits that are exempted from the FUTA tax (discussed above). From this amount, deduct any payments that are above the $7,000 wage threshold for the year for each employee to find out your total FUTA taxable wages. Subtract the amount of tax credit you qualify for from the FUTA tax rate. For instance, if you qualify for the maximum tax credit, this would be 6% 5.4% = 0.6%. Multiply your answer from step 4 with the figure you got in Step 3. This will give you your net quarterly FUTA tax liability.To make it easier to understand, let’s use an ex ample. Let’s assume that a business has two employees, Mike and Sophie. Mike earned $400, while Sophie earned $450. Once you pay both of them their latest paychecks, Mike’s total earnings to date will be $4,000, while Sophie’s total earnings to date will be $7,200. Since Mike has not reached the threshold, you will need to pay FUTA on his entire $400 paycheck. However, Sophie’s earnings will have exceeded the threshold by $200, which means you will only need to pay FUTA for just $250 of her latest paycheck ($450 $200). Any further payments made to Sophie will not be subject to the FUTA tax. Therefore, your total FUTA taxable wages is $650 ($450 + $200). Assuming that you are qualified for maximum tax credit, your net quarterly FUTA tax liability would be $650 x 0.006 = $3.90. HOW DOES ONE QUALIFY FOR FUTA TAX CREDIT?Remember, not all employers qualify for the FUTA tax credit. Different employers also qualify for different tax credits rates. So, what determines whether an em ployer qualifies for tax credit? Below are some of the factors that determine whether you qualify for FUTA tax credit:Any company that is subject to State Unemployment Tax Act (SUTA) is generally eligible for FUTA tax credit, provided it abides by the other conditions discussed below.Companies are required to pay all owed SUTA tax for a calendar year by the due date of their Form 940 in order to be eligible for FUTA tax credit.Companies that are subject to FUTA tax but exempted from SUTA tax are not eligible for FUTA tax credit.Companies where all employees are individually subject to FUTA tax but exempted from SUTA tax are not eligible for FUTA tax credit.If some employees of your company are exempted from SUTA tax, then their wages should are not subject to FUTA credit. Eligibility for FUTA credit for the entire company depends on the number of employees who are either subject to, or exempted from SUTA tax. CREDIT REDUCTION STATESThe SUTA tax collected by States is used to cover u nemployment benefits for unemployed workers within the state. Sometimes, however, States do not have enough money to cover these costs, forcing them to borrow money from the federal government (the money collected through FUTA tax). The borrowed money is given as a loan which must be repaid to the federal government. If a state is unable to repay this loan within two years, it gets listed as a credit reduction state. This means that employers who are subject to FUTA tax within the state will not enjoy the maximum FUTA tax credit, which in turn means that the FUTA tax paid in credit reduction states is higher. For instance, if a state has a credit reduction of 0.5%, instead of receiving the maximum FUTA credit of 5.4%, the maximum credit within the state will be 4.9% (5.4% 0.5%). Therefore, employers in this state will have an effective FUTA tax rate of 1.1% (6% 4.9%), compared to 0.6% for states without tax reduction. Currently, the states under tax reduction include California an d The U.S Virgin Islands. WHEN SHOULD FUTA TAX DEPOSITS BE PAID?FUTA tax payments should be paid into the federal unemployment tax fund at the IRS at the end of each calendar quarter. However, the IRS gives several breaks to small businesses that are subject to FUTA tax. One of these breaks concerns the payment of FUTA tax deposits. The IRS requires businesses to pay the FUTA tax once the amount owed exceeds $500. This means that for many small business, whose FUTA taxes are usually below $500 for every quarter, it is not necessary to make the FUTA tax deposits every month. Instead, the payment is carried over to the next quarter. The payments can keep being carried over to the next quarter until the end of the year, or until the business accumulates over $500 in FUTA taxes. However, if a business is liable for FUTA taxes exceeding $500 in one quarter, then the business needs to make a payment of the taxes before the last day of the month that comes after the end of the quarter. For instance, if your company has a FUTA tax liability of $400 for Quarter 1 (which ends on March 31), then it is not necessary for the company to make a deposit for that quarter. Instead, the FUTA tax liability is carried over to Quarter 2. If the company has a FUTA tax liability of $300 for Quarter 2 (which ends on June 30), then the accumulated FUTA tax liability would be $700, which means that you would need to make a deposit for Quarter 2. This deposit should be made before July 31. If the FUTA tax liability for Quarter 3 is below $500, the liability would once again be carried over to Quarter 4. If the liability accumulates and exceeds by the end of the year (which is also the end of Quarter 4), you would need to make a deposit before the 31st of January the following year, or by the time you submit Annual Unemployment Tax Report on Form 940. Form 940 of the previous year should also be filed by the 31st of January. However, if a company paid all its quarterly payments for the pr evious year on time, form 940 can be filed by the 10th of February. If the due date of the FUTA tax deposit falls on a holiday or a weekend, the deposit should be made on the first business day that comes after the weekend or holiday. How to complete form 940CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCESometimes, some employers fail to pay their FUTA tax, either by accident or deliberately. Failure to pay FUTA tax might lead to some negative consequences, both for the employer and the employees. For employees, failure of your employer to pay FUTA can have cause delays to your unemployment benefits application, since the tax issue has to be cleared before your claim can be approved. Some states might even deny your claim. Failing to pay FUTA taxes is a crime punishable by law. Employers who fail to pay FUTA taxes are usually fined. However, if the amount of tax owed is high, or if the employer is unable to pay the fines, there is a possibility that the employer might get jailed. The possibility of getting jailed is particularly high in cases where the employer tries to hide their non-compliance by misleading employees, or legal counsel about their accounting practices. KEY ACTION STEPSNow that you know what FUTA tax is and how to calculate your FUTA tax liability, let’s take a look at some steps you should take to ensure that you properly manage your FUTA tax obligations. Below are the steps you should take to ensure that you meet your FUTA tax obligations:Getting started: If you just started a new business, you should apply for your federal employer ID number, stating the number of employees within your payroll. This will let the IRS know that you have an obligation to report and pay FUTA tax. Know important dates: Like I mentioned earlier, FUTA tax deposits should be made on a quarterly basis, with the due date being the last day of the month following the end of each quarter. For instance, the deposits for the 1st quarter (which ends on March 31st) should be made by the 30th of April. The payments for the four quarters are due on 30th April, 31st July, 31st October and 31st January. In addition to the due dates for the quarterly deposits, you should also be aware that you are required to file Form 940 before the 31st of January. Being aware of these tax dates can help you plan in advance and avoid missing deadlines.Calculate how much you need to pay: I have already showed you how to calculate your FUTA tax obligations. In addition, you should educate yourself on payments that are exempted from FUTA tax to avoid paying FUTA on unnecessary employee payments. Consider automating your FUTA payments: Calculating, reporting and paying FUTA tax can be a hectic process. However, you can automate the process by using tax management software which automatically calculate, pay and report your FUTA taxes. Examples of software you can use to automate your FUTA payments include: Patriot SoftwareezPaycheckFlexTaxWRAPPING UPBy now, you should have a clear understa nding of what FUTA tax is, how much it is, how to calculate it, how to pay it, how to report it, and the consequences for non-compliance. To give a recap, the FUTA tax is a tax imposed on employers by the federal government with the aim of collecting money for funding state unemployment programs. The tax is only paid by employers, though it is charged based on employee wages. The current rate for FUTA tax is 6%. Employers are also entitled to a maximum tax credit of 5.4%, which reduces the effective FUTA tax rate to 0.06%. However, employers in tax reduction states are not eligible to receive the maximum tax credit. The FUTA tax should be paid on a quarterly basis, and should be accompanied by filing of the Annual Unemployment Tax Report on Form 940. Failure to pay FUTA tax can negatively affect unemployment benefits claims for employees and lead to harsh penalties for employers, including fines and the possibility of jail time.

Example of Team Conflict - 1090 Words

Examples of Team Conflict and Outcomes Below are two examples of team who experienced conflict and worked through the problem. (The team and individual names have been changed.) Team #1 was formed early in October and was enthusiastic in participating in Global Challenge. However, in March, we received the following email: Dear Sally, Susie Smith has formally decided to drop out of Global Challenge. It was explained to me, by her, that she wasn t fully aware of how much work this would all be when she signed up, and that she has gotten in over her head. I had noticed that from about two months in, her enthusiasm began to wane progressively. She no longer seemed to care, but I was hoping that she still did.†¦show more content†¦They addressed their team struggles in section 7.0 of the business plan as follows: Team Process Jae Kim was introduced to Jenny Jones by his friend, president of the environmental club called Roots Shoots his school. As Jenny suggested to participate in the GCA as a joint group, Jae Kim’s old friend Won Jung, and Jenny’s roommate Kendra soon joined in the Team #2. Team #2 took initiative from the very beginning and did a good job in being close to each other quickly and deciding a business item. Jenny and Kendra showed great enthusiasm in bringing up and searching for diverse ideas. We decided an idea about methane and livestock, which was suggested by Won. It was basically about reducing the amount of methane gas naturally emitted by cows, which accelerates global warming, through biotechnology. The idea was wonderful. However, it needed profound knowledge in the contemporary biotechnology. We contacted several professionals in research centers and universities, but even they could not address several problems expected to occur in the idea of reducing methane gas without harming the cow. The problem of reality and practicality hindered our progress on the project. Finally, because of the slow progress as well as their busy schedules, Jenny and Kendra gave up the project. Jae and Won gave it up as well for a while. However, while they once thought theShow MoreRelated Team Dynamics - Conflict Resolution Strategies Essay example1195 Words   |  5 PagesTeam Dynamics - Conflict Resolution Strategies People work in groups or teams everyday whether in their career, education, political organization, church, or any other social setting. Conflict while working in teams or groups is inevitable. When taking people of different backgrounds, personalities, moral, and ethical beliefs and putting them together in a group, conflict will arise. 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English Speech Essay - 738 Words

Good morning/afternoon members of the board from Penguin. I am here today to convince you why the three texts Dear Mr President by Pink, Magnanimous In Victory by Tim Collins and Nelson Mandela release speech deserve to be in your new book â€Å" Protests that changed the world†. The first text that I would like to submit for your anthology is the song Dear Mr President as sung by P!nk. This song is a protest piece about war, poverty and societal classes. The song is full of rhetorical questions asking Former American President George W. Bush why there is so much injustice within his own country. Pink uses many techniques in her song such as repetition. For example, the lyrics â€Å"Were you lonely boy? Are you lonely boy?† is a use of†¦show more content†¦In the 1st paragraph he repeats the word â€Å"we† which is an inclusive word. Setting himself on the same level as his soldiers and not above them. The heading magnanimous is use of emotive language, it reminds the army to act responsibly and show care and respect for the Iraqi soldiers. Therefore, I believe than Tim Collins’ â€Å"Magnanimous in Victory† should be used in your collection as it adds to the views about warfare and social issues. It provide a similar, and yet different point of view to that of Pink in â€Å"Dear Mr President†. My final submission for your collection is Nelson Mandela’s release speech. In this piece he speaks about freedom and the wrongness of racism. He uses simple, emotive language in order to make his thoughts clear and create a deeper meaning within his audience. He said â€Å"Our march to freedom is irreversible† this means that History should never be repeat, we should look to a brighter future. It is in our right to been seen equal, regardless of our colour, age or race. I quote â€Å"I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal, which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die†. Mr Mandela clearly stated that he would sacrifice his life for the greater good, which thankfully did not eventuate.Show MoreRelatedAssignment in English 21 Speech and Stage Arts2860 Words   |  12 Pagescomprehension, improves with practice. A number of processes involved in comprehension are intrapersonal; that is, they take place inside your head. This section familiarizes you with the nature of human information processing and the concept of inner speech. c. Remembering There has been a great deal of research on memory. Remembering is essential if you intend to apply what you have heard in future situations. This chapter acquaints you with the three basic memory systems and the work that has beenRead MoreFigures of Speech in English Newspaper Headlines1249 Words   |  5 PagesI) Introduction The area of English Language and Literature Teaching (ELLT) has always been the point of attraction to the experts and teachers in English. ELLT, with its theoretical base, provides scope for practical intercourse and face-to-face interaction in the classroom. Language and Literature are considered to be the two sides of the same coin. While analyzing literature, it is necessary to consider the language of the genre as it reflects the genuine empirical fluctuations of the mindRead MoreIf I Ruled the World -- English Speech Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesIf I ruled the world: â€Å"If I ruled the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ; am I the only one that’s ever wondered what it’d be like? I feel like it’s one of those passing thoughts that seem to cross your mind, like why don’t English singers have an accent when they sing, or how the quote â€Å"head over heels† originated; since we’re head over heels normally? But, what I mean, is whenever you listen to the news on TV or on the radio and hear about an epidemic striking the world like the H1N1 flu or another war, don’t you everRead MoreThe Speech On The English Language2676 Words   |  11 PagesProject The Role of English in Taiwan The English language has grown to become one of the world’s most learned languages. English is taught in nearly every country around the world, and every country values English differently. Some countries view English as a key to academic success; others view it as a means for social growth and prosperity. Historically, Taiwan has viewed English in a positive light, utilizing government policy as a means to enforce the mandatory teaching of English in schools. ThisRead MoreEnglish Language Learners: Speech-Language Pathologists681 Words   |  3 PagesSpeech-language pathologists play a significant role in evaluation and intervention with English Language Learners. More and more SLPs are playing a teacher role in the academic environment. The role and responsibility of a speech-language pathologist is essential when identifying the most ethical and appropriate services to meet the individual needs of the student. However, evaluating ELL students can be challenging fro m a clinical standpoint and typically is complicated by many factors includingRead MoreSpeech Is Nothing More Than Incorrect English1373 Words   |  6 PagesCartoonists and Linguists alike have made their fair share of jokes on this word comprised of â€Å"ebony† and â€Å"phonics†, which is used when referring to the speech of African American English speakers (Pullum, 321). While some would say that this variety of speech is nothing more than incorrect English, others would argue that African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is in fact a language on its own, complete with rules, complexities, and patterns (Pullum, 321). The opposing sides on this issue have sparkedRead MoreA Case Study Of An English Learner s Use Of Carnegie Speech s Nativeaccent Online Speech Recognition Software872 Words   |  4 PagesA NativeAccent Case Study This paper describes a case study of an English L2 learner’s use of Carnegie Speech’s NativeAccent online speech recognition software. The target student, in this case study, significantly improved her English pronunciation and fluency through the individualized exercises offered by Native Accent’s Intelligent Tutor lessons. However, the student’s word stress results were considerably lower after completing all of the Intelligent Tutor lessons compared to her initial assessmentRead MoreBelonging English Speech1493 Words   |  6 PagesBelonging English Speech INTRO Belonging is a fundamental part for all individuals in which we strive for acceptance and security through others. Understanding is a main part of feeling like you belonging. Individuals belong when they fell connected to others and the world. However to do this they must first have an understanding and acceptance of self which will nourish their sense of belonging. A lack of understanding of the concept of belonging and yourself leads to preventing your identityRead MoreEnglish Speech Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech- Year 12 Paul Keating’s speech ‘funeral service of the unknown Australian soldier’ and Noel Pearson’s speech ‘an Australian history for us all’ have developed and expressed ideas using language appropriate to their audience, purpose and form. Despite the fact, it is fundamentally the speaker’s skills in the construction of the speech that determine its decisive success. Remembrance Day. A time of reflection on those who sacrificed themselves for our country, Australia. In considering theRead MoreEnglish Speech Of Animal Cruelty : Animal Speech1102 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish Speech-Animal Cruelty A famous quote by Gandhi reads, ‘The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.’ Over 115 million animals including mice, dogs, cats, rabbits, monkeys and many others are killed in testing laboratory’s each year. Millions of animals die of neglect each year. 322 animals have become extinct in the past 500 because of humans. What does this have to say about our society? My name is Cambria Hunt and I am here to open your

How to write a research paper Free Essays

How to Write a Research Paper Free Essays According to Writer’s Help (n. d. ), there are a series of steps for writing a research paper. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all, once you have your research topic, you would need to come up with a research question about your subject. Before you start to develop a research question, you would need to explore the subject. Reading, annotating texts and visuals, talking and listening, listing, clustering, free writing and asking questions are some of the strategies that you can use in order to get several ideas that will help you to generate your research questions. After exploring your topic, create a worth-while researching question that will give you more focus on what to do during your research and writing. Then, you would need to design a research strategy in order to find relevant sources. You can do this by consulting a reference librarian or exploring your library’s website that will give you information on accessible resources. Do not merely choose a research strategy, such as using Google, without actually assessing all types of sources. After you have planned your research strategy, think of the function of each source that you will be using for your research paper. Sources can be used for different purposes such as providing background of your topic, explaining terms or supporting claims. This would give you more focus on what information you would need from the sources that you will use. Next, select sources that you believe would give you the information that you need. During this stage, you only need to scan the sources. Make sure that the sources are relevant, reliable and current. Once you have selected your sources, start to evaluate the sources. While reading the sources, you need to take other people’ views or arguments about your research subject into account. In order to do that, you would need to be open-minded in receiving a new or opposing idea. Analyze the contexts of the sources critically. Make sure that you take notes and keep track of the chosen sources while analyzing the sources. When taking notes, do not plagiarize the authors’ work. You can either use summarizing, paraphrasing or quoting strategy in order to prevent plagiarism. In addition, keep track of the sources by making a working bibliography, where you gather the list of the sources. After that, you can start writing your thesis statement, which provide a main idea of your research paper. However, you can revise your thesis statement as you write your paper. You can start writing a draft after providing a thesis statement. For your initial draft, focus on the contents and organization of the paper. Make sure to use your own words when you use information from a source. After revising the contents of the draft, you can then think of the grammar and sentence structure and create a final draft. Finally, you would need to document the sources that you use. You would have to recognize the type of documentation style that you are required to use. It could be MLA style, APA style or Chicago style depending on the courses you are writing it for. By documenting the sources both in text and references list, you basically have finished writing a research paper. In conclusion, these are useful steps that you can practice in writing a good research paper. REFERENCES Writer’s Help (n. d. ). â€Å"How do I begin a research paper? †. Retrieved from http://writershelp. bedfordstmartins. com/ebooks/helphandbook. php How to cite How to Write a Research Paper, Essays

The Theme That The World Has An Outward Appearance That Seems Fair And

The theme that the world has an outward appearance that seems fair and perfect but really they're as Holden put it "phonies." This is shown countless amount of times in his journey through New York and even before he left. The setting is in the 1950's; so I'm pretty sure that he didn't encounter any transvestites, lesbians, or anything that extreme of phoniest. Or on the other hand he could have liked them for being as Elmemson said a "none conformist." But I doubt it, he seemed to like kids more than anything. And his job, as he felt, was to protect them in their innocents; of which I will talk about in my second theme. The first example that stands out in my mind is the scene with Stradlater in the "can." If you remember Stradlater was getting ready for his other date while Holden watched him. "Stradlater was a secret slob" in public he always looked good and got all the girls but in fact he was a slob. His razor that made him look so good was "rusty as hell and full on lather and hair and crap." This proves that he is a slob to "never clean it or anything." If you think about it that's even worst than Old Ackley. At least Ackley knew that he had a problem, that he need to do something about his face; but Stradlater thought that he was a great guy. He actually thought that there was nothing wrong with never washing his razor. I think that what mad, Holden so made Stradlater was perpetrating in other word being "phony" every time he went out all GQ after using that filthy razor. Another instance is when he calls that girl in New York, Faith Cavendish, that Eddie Birdsell had brought to a dance at Princeton. Anyway he called her and she almost went off until Holden drooped Eddie's name. Then all of a sudden "she was getting friendly as hell." The same person said "if you think I enjoy bein' woke up in the middle-" was "getting an english accent all of a sudden." I think Holden caught her with her fa?ade down. When she first picked up the phone she was mad as anybody else would be in her shoes. But as soon as she processed "Eddie Birdsell from Princeton" she became so amicable. She most of thought that a friend of Eddie, from Princeton, most have been rich or at lest well off. Faith was all ready to hook up with him for a date until she asked "Where ya callin' from? Where ya at now, anyways?" And "in a phone booth" was the wrong answer. When he said that she new he had no money and from that point on she had no time to meet up any more. This is a good example of the phoniest that Holden will talk about all through book. Oh and one I almost missed it is a little before the conversation with Faith it is a very important event. When J.D. Salinger had Holden look about of the window I think it was a big simile, of which I think about more in theme number 3, of the theme of the book. I'm sure Holden didn't ride all the way to New York to pick a run down hotel. So I take it when he drove up it probably looked good on the outside. He even "too k it off [referring to the red hunting hat] before I checked inI didn't want to look like a screwball or something." So we can assume it was nice, or at lest on the outside. Salinger even throw Holden foreshadowed a little in the line "I didn't know then that the goddam hotel was full of perverts and morons." The first guy he saw out his room window "took out all these women's clothes, and put them on." Then he started walking around like a women, smoking a cigarette, and looking in the mirror. And now I guest I have to take back my sentence about transvestites in the opening paragraph. Second he saw a couple squiring water and "they were in hysterics the

Childrens Right essays

Children's Right essays Can you believe that million of children under 14 work as full time labor while million of others were killed by conflict and disease? I can not believe it, but it is the fact. Armed children, disabled children, refugee children ¡Ã‚ ­ as many as million of million. Report from Child Rights Information Network: about 250 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 work. Of these, 120 million work full time and some 50-60 million work in hazardous circumstances. In India, at least 18 million children live or work on the streets, laboring as porters in railway stations or bus terminals, as ragpickers, and as vendors of food, tea, or handmade articles. These street children routinely subjected to arbitrary and illegal detention, torture, and extortion, and on occasion, murder at the hands of police. In Manila, 13- and 14-year-old girls work 17-hour days at their sewing machines in sweatshops. The pay: 13 cents an hour. That ¡Ã‚ ¯s better than the one cent a day earned by 5-year-olds who weed the tea plantations in Sri Lanka (Michele Landsberg). In the Ashanti Goldfields (jointly owned by the Government of Ghana and a company called Lonrho International), 11-year-old boys labor naked in pools of cyanide to extract gold from rock (Michele Landsberg). Report from Human Rights Watch: two million children were killed in the last decade in armed conflict. Three times as many have been serious injured or permanently disabled while million of others have become refugees. Child soldiers were used in more than thirty countries around the world. Angola, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Lebanon, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan, and Uganda. Some 300,000 serve in current armed conflicts. These young combatants participated in all aspects of contemporary warfare. They wielded AK-47s and M-16s on front lines of combat, served as human mine detectors, participated in suicide missions, carried supplies, and acted as spies, mes...

The Geoglyphic Art of Chiles Atacama Desert

The Geoglyphic Art of Chiles Atacama Desert More than 5,000 geoglyphs- prehistoric works of art placed on or worked into the landscape- have been recorded in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile over the past thirty years. A summary of these investigations appears in a paper by Luis Briones entitled The geoglyphs of the north Chilean desert: an archaeological and artistic perspective,  published in the March 2006 issue of the journal Antiquity.   The Geoglyphs of Chile The best-known geoglyphs in the world are the Nazca lines, built between 200 BC and 800 AD, and located approximately 800 kilometers away in coastal Peru. The Chilean glyphs in the Atacama Desert are far more numerous and varied in style, cover a much larger region (150,000 km2 versus the 250 km2 of the Nazca lines), and were built between 600 and 1500 AD. Both the Nazca lines and the Atacama glyphs had multiple symbolic or ritual purposes; while scholars believe the Atacama glyphs additionally had a vital role in the transportation network connecting the great South American civilizations.Built and refined by several South American cultures- likely including Tiwanaku and Inca, as well as less-advanced groups- the widely varied geoglyphs are in geometric, animal and human forms, and in about fifty different types. Using artifacts and stylistic characteristics, archaeologists believe the earliest were first constructed during the Middle Period, beginning around 800 AD. The most recent may be associated with early Christian rites in the 16th century. Some geoglyphs are found in isolation, some are in panels of up to 50 figures. They are found on hillsides, pampas, and valley floors throughout the Atacama Desert; but they are always found near ancient pre-Hispanic trackways marking llama caravan routes through the difficult regions of the desert connecting the ancient people of South America. Types and Forms of Geoglyphs The geoglyphs of the Atacama Desert were built using three essential methods, ‘extractive’, ‘additive’ and ‘mixed’. Some, like the famous geoglyphs of Nazca, were extracted from the environment, by scraping the dark desert varnish away exposing the lighter subsoil. Additive geoglyphs were built of stones and other natural materials, sorted and carefully placed. Mixed geoglyphs were completed using both techniques  and occasionally painted as well.The most frequent type of geoglyph in the Atacama are geometric forms: circles, concentric circles, circles with dots, rectangles, crosses, arrows, parallel lines, rhomboids; all symbols found in pre-Hispanic ceramics and textiles. One important image is the stepped rhombus, essentially a staircase shape of stacked rhomboids or diamond shapes (such as in the figure).Zoomorphic figures include camelids (llamas or alpacas), foxes, lizards, flamingos, eagles, seagulls, rheas, monkeys, and fishes includin g dolphins or sharks. One frequently occurring image is a caravan of llamas, one or more lines of between three and 80 animals in a row. Another frequent image is that of an amphibian, such as a lizard, toad or serpent; all of these are divinities in the Andean world connected to water rituals.Human figures occur in the geoglyphs and are generally naturalistic in form; some of these are engaged in activities ranging from hunting and fishing to sex and religious ceremonies. On the Arica coastal plains can be found the Lluta style of human representation, a body form with a highly stylized pair of long legs and a square head. This type of glyph is thought to date to AD 1000-1400. Other stylized human figures have a forked crest and a body with concave sides, in the Tarapaca region, dated to AD 800-1400. Why Were the Geoglyphs Built? The complete purpose of the geoglyphs is likely to remain unknown to us today. Possible functions include a cultic worship of mountains  or expressions of devotion to Andean deities; but Briones believes that one vital function of the geoglyphs was to store knowledge of safe pathways for llama caravans through the desert, including the knowledge of where salt flats, water sources, and animal fodder could be found. Briones terms these â€Å"messages, memories and rites† associated with the pathways, part sign post and part story-telling along a transportation network in an ancient form of combined religious and commercial travel, not unlike the rite known from many many cultures on the planet as pilgrimage. Large llama caravans were reported by Spanish chroniclers, and many of the representational glyphs are of caravans. However, no caravan equipment has been found in the desert to date (see Pomeroy 2013). Other potential interpretations include solar alignments. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Geoglyphs, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Briones-M L. 2006. The geoglyphs of the north Chilean desert: an archaeological and artistic perspective.  Antiquity 80:9-24. Chepstow-Lusty AJ. 2011. Agro-pastoralism and social change in the Cuzco heartland of Peru: a brief history using environmental proxies. Antiquity 85(328):570-582. Clarkson PB. Atacama Geoglyphs: Huge Images Created Across the Rocky Landscape of Chile. Online manuscript. Labash M. 2012. The Geoglyphs of the Atacama Desert: A bond of landscape and mobility. Spectrum 2:28-37. Pomeroy E. 2013. Biomechanical insights into activity and long distance trade in the south-central Andes (AD  500–1450). Journal of Archaeological Science 40(8):3129-3140. Thanks to Persis Clarkson for her assistance with this article, and to Louis Briones for the photography.

Financial Statement Fraud and Revenue Recognition Fraud Essay

Financial Statement Fraud and Revenue Recognition Fraud - Essay Example We can define financial fraud as an intentional act to deceive people through manipulated financial statements for personal gain (â€Å"Bank Negara Malaysia† 1). Financial fraud is crime under civil law and involves complex financial transactions conducted by white-collar business professionals with a criminal intention (â€Å"Bank Negara Malaysia† 1). Nevertheless, financial fraud derives numerous loses on the global economy and on the reference corporations where many companies collapse due to financial frauds. Additionally, financial fraud demeans investor confidence in financial reporting and lowers the efficiency of corporate governance. A financial statement fraud refers to an intentional misrepresentation of financial information that the corporation presents to the public. Notably, improper revenue recognition, failure to record incurred liabilities, and failure to disclose contingent liabilities are the most dominant financial statement frauds (Bradford 1). Cas es of financial statement fraud are on the increase and the economic crisis catalyzes the problems. Nevertheless, most of the financial statement frauds relate to revenues recognition while accounting errors take the other proportion. As such, internal and external auditors should understand the dynamics of revenue recognition fraud and institute proper measures to curb financial fraud. Ideally, financial statement fraud and revenue recognition fraud relate to financial fraud. Definition Financial statement fraud refers to an intentional misrepresentation, misstatement, or omission of financial statement data for the purpose of deceiving the public and creating a false impression of an organization's financial strength (Colby 1). Notably, financial statement fraud is an enormous challenge in the global market as corporations seek to stalk investors to continue investing in the corporation. Moreover, corporations engage in financial statement fraud for purposes of securing bank appro vals for financing and satisfy the shareholder’s interests (Bradford 1). Ideally, the top management plays the major role in a financial statement fraud since they supervise and authorize the preparation of financial statements. There are different forms of financial statement fraud in the global market where the initiators will use distinct systems of manipulation to maintain the appearance of the financial statement fraud. The most common types of financial statement fraud include manipulation of liabilities, improper recognition of revenues and expenses, improper asset valuation, improper disclosures (Pinkasovitch 1) on financial statements, and fictitious sales (Colby 2). However, manipulation of revenue is the most dominant form of financial statement fraud. This includes the posting of sales prior to payment while the manipulation of expenses includes the capitalization of normal operating expenses (Bradford 1). On the other hand, the manipulation of liabilities relates to failure to record regular expenses while improper disclosures relates to misrepresentation of the company’s financial status (Bradford 1). An overstatement of current assets on financial statements leads to improper assets and defines financial statement fraud (Colby 2).  

Comparative Analysis of The Cut-glass bowl and Benediction by F.Scott Essay

Comparative Analysis of The Cut-glass bowl and Benediction by F.Scott Fitzgerald - Essay Example Cut-glass Bowl is a story about Evelyn Piper, a housewife in New York society who a superficial and pretty woman. Evelyn had been cheating on her husband of seven years for six months, and the affair was the talk of the town until the husband found out. The bowl in question is the center of this story because it disintegrates with Evelyn’s life to bring about several tragedies, and eventually finishes her. In the two stories, Fitzgerald uses the major characters to explore the issues of morality vs. secular, reality vs. illusion and the wistful sadness of romance, which is the focus of this comparison. The Benediction story presents a conflict between morality and secular. This is noticed when Lois asks his brother and friends at the seminary why they joined the brotherhood while still young. She believes that they should explore the other side of the world (secular) before they join the seminary studies and commit to celibacy. She questions whether the decision to celibate be fore experiencing the pleasures of the world is good or not. This presents indecision that some people who strongly wish to join seminary may have. For instance, some young Catholics are held back by the desire to got out and experience the world before committing to celibacy. As a result, the decision to hold back on joining seminary at a young age might bar some people from entering the studies and thus, living a secular life. This might also raise the question of what the society thinks about celibacy, is it morally good?. Nevertheless, Keith and his friends are satisfied with their lives at the seminary, and from them we learn that celibacy at a young age is not a bad idea. Similarly, the issue of morality in the society presents itself through the actions of Evelyn in Cut-glass Bowl. Evelyn is unfaithful to her husband as she has been seeing Gedney for a period of six months until her husband found out, and that is when she decided to end. This portrays what happens in this New York society. Housewives become too lonely until they decide to seek affection from somewhere else since the husbands are too busy to give them attention. Though this is immoral behavior, they believe that it is the right way to relieve their loneliness and frustrations experienced in marriage. Evelyn is also described as a heartbreaker defining her character before she got married. What is more fascinating in the story is that divorce is not an option for Evelyn and her husband because it is considered immoral in the society. Therefore, this implies that having an affair is not considered wrong, but divorce is, which is supported by Evelyn’s husband who acknowledges that the affair was just a mistake. Reality vs. illusion is also a concept widely explored by Fitzgerald in the two stories. For instance, in Benediction, Lois cannot separate what is reality and what is an illusion. This is revealed on her visit to her brother’s school where he is learning to become a Je suit priest. First, she wants to end her relationship with Harold, but she does not have a reason to for this. She gets the illusion that things will never work between them. She is confused about the true meaning or religion and Catholicism, in which she shows indifference towards it. However, something magical happens to her during the Benediction service whereby she experiences genuine righteousness (Brye 38). Her conversion reveals the underlying reality or ultimate truth that is

Management Essays Key Communication Skill

Management Essays Key Communication Skill Key Communication Skill The ability to negotiate is a key communication skill and frequently takes place in the context of meeting. How can meetings be managed to ensure useful outcomes are achieved, particularly when the participants may have very different objectives? Use examples from real meetings where possible. Abstract Business meetings frequently take place with the view to allow executives to explore and achieve desired organizational objectives. They are to communicate of plans, updates, progress and outcomes of business strategies. At times these meetings are also between parties outside the organization. Whichever the case, negotiation skills are critical in helping managers to persuade other participants to change their views and accept the ones that are presented at the meeting. The ability to negotiate therefore is key to communication at meetings and required by chairpersons/leaders/participants to conduct successful business meetings. IntroductionMeetings can be frustrating and at times not necessary if the objectives of the encounter are not clearly identified. Business persons get frustrated at the frequency and quality of the meetings they attend (or conduct) declaring them a waste of time and resources. The value of such meetings is compromised when parties attending the meeting come out unsatisfied and frustrated by the decision reached. With the rate of meeting timings increasing everyday in organizations engaging executives 75 percent to 100 percent of their time, the success rate is diminishing day by day due to rapid decisions made and implemented (Timm 1997). Meetings participants are likely to feel disappointed and unsatisfied with the results of meetings especially when they spend less time in preparing and planning for meetings they attend. It is therefore not surprising to find that there are numerous documents and books published on meetings and how participants can engage in fruitful endeavours without compromising their own position. As a formal communication framework, meetings can make or break a business therefore consideration for its success is critical. Negotiation as a key to communication skills must be integrated along with other meetings strategies with the view to ensure outcomes are achieved to the desires of the participants without frustrating either party. Purpose Statement In the following report the researcher shall outline how negotiation as a key to meetings communication skill can be used to achieve business objectives despite participant differences in objectivity. The report shall first outline the purpose of meetings followed by how business meetings should be conducted and what elements are critical for its success. This is concluded with recommendations for successful business meetings. ReportPurpose of communication Building a corporate culture is pegged in the setting up of an effective communication system. Organizations shape and influence the behaviour of individuals through powerful communication strategies and culture so that they can help in achieving organizational objectives. When used appropriately, communication can offer insightful analysis of the organizations vision and mission, goals and objectives and more importantly how these may be implemented. To perpetuate conducive business environment, executives and management often engage in communication dialogues for numerous purposes and on a variety of occasions. According to Deborah J. Barrett (Oliver 2004) organizations engage in communication to mediate change management. Executives and top management uses its communication framework to communicate the need for change to cope up with the dynamic business environment. They engage in meetings with employees to communicate identification of roles in car rying out tasks required for the change management. Employees and employer meetings therefore is a top-down approach to communication with the purpose to form powerful coalition, creating vision, empowering workers to act on vision, carry out plans and consolidating efforts for change management (Barrett in Oliver 2004). However, often management in the flow of forming their objectives fail to recognize the objectives of individuals working within their organizations, resulting in ineffective and useless weekly meetings that achieve less and waste more time and resources. In another scenario communication through meetings among managers to discuss and generate ideas and feedback on work progress is also normal. Purely administrative communication of this nature is carried out with the purpose to analyze and update on organizational progress. Managers of various departments communicate their intent, delegate by expressing their proposals and establish chain of command of internalized processes for plan implementation purposes. They communicate with other managers and executives to update progress and express their desire for shared resources or to provide feedback to evaluate existing or forthcoming problems within and outside the organization. In such instances the climate of communication may not appeal to the participants as each attempt to put forth their ideas and expect acceptance from the others. For this reason resistance and barriers to communication are expected. The participants tend to bargain or negotiate their way with others with the hop e to elicit collaborative actions (Ramundo 1994). Another and perhaps the most important aspect of formal communication in meetings is the objective to elicit business outcomes from individuals outside the organizations like sellers, suppliers, unions, shareholders or directors where the basic premise of the meeting is to negotiate and come to certain winning outcomes. Meeting participants therefore come to the room geared to negotiate and to reject opponents proposals. The purpose of these corporate meetings therefore is to overcome the barriers to communication and come out as the wining party. Negotiations in business meetings Meetings in todays business world compromise of participants negotiating defensively (Foster 2004). Whether one is a buyer, a supplier, a union leader or a client successful meeting participants are those who negotiate before the contract is signed. Spending some time to communicate the details of the contract like clauses, agreed upon provisions, price or salary can help the negotiator in achieving the desired outcomes. Once a meeting is convened, the participants assume the roles of the negotiators engaging dialogues that elicit their objectives and purpose for participating. It is best that participants define the objectives and account for the desired outcomes. Successful negotiators usually plan their strategies before hand so that they can concentrate on non-aggressive yet succinct dialogues to persuade the opponent in accepting their terms. For instance a union leader and a company management will likely have their strategies written down before they enter the meeting room. They are likely to engage in dialogues that reflect clauses that they plan to negotiate upon. Such planning is critical as it helps the negotiators to direct the meeting and also to save time by concentrating on the objectives only rather than engage in meaningless communication. In such situations James Manktelow of Mind Tools (2005) is of the opinion that negotiation skills are essential in meetings and conflict situations where the participants need to appropriate their dialogues to seek wining negotiation. The participants who lose out tend to become confrontational or harbour a grudge against the wining party. Consequently the modern adage for negotiation is to create a win-win situation whereby both parties gain from the negotiation. this approach is not only critical for resolving disputes and have a lasting effect on the business relationship but it also open up channels of communication in the long term. Nevertheless, this is not to say that negotiation dialogues always result in win-win situations. In cases of policies making, or buying of a house or selling a product negotiation often result in one party losing and the other wining. For this purpose it is recommended that the situation is dealt with in an amicable manner through excessive planning for counter arguments without having to be aggressive to the other person. The key to such business meetings is to negotiate the terms of trade rather than focussing on defeating the opponent (Manktelow 2005). Consideration for trades terms, alternatives, expected outcomes, consequences, and possible resolutions are critical to the negotiation situation. Communication in meetings Meetings as discussed in the previous sections are formal communications in organizations and businesses carried out by participants with certain objectives expressed and negotiated in the course of the meeting. Successful meetings are those that engage negotiation strategies to focus and achieve desired objectives. These strategies need to be carried out in a very conducive manner so as not to offend opponent yet reach the end results amicably. For this purpose, Joan Mulholland (1991) recommends certain kind of speech acts chosen to represent a range of meanings and significance designed to represent and develop negotiation content. These acts should be considered often and may be integrated in negotiation dialogues to express certain context and performance of certain actions. Mulholland posit that communication during a negotiation meeting entail the use of body language as well as speech specification. Careful use of language notations and sentence structure can greatly influence the results of the encounter. For example one of the most important parts of meetings is the participants acceptance or rejection of proposed ideas. Depending on the individual perception offer or proposal can be accepted, rejected or reach a compromise. Depending on how the proposal is presented the response from the participants can damage cooperation behaviour and result in conflict situation if it is rejected. To mediate and elicit a positive response even if the participant is hesitant about accepting the proposed idea should demonstrate a cooperative attitude by acknowledging the ideas without acceptance by saying Thats an idea worth consideration; given general acceptance like we would be keen to do something along those lines on day. or set up a response from other participants or voice hesitation before acceptance (Mulholland 1991). On the other hand in cases of real acceptance of ideas participants should not hasten to communicate acceptance immediately but should ask for additional information and reports to reach to informed decisions. The important aspect of the meeting is to show to the participants that the outcome should be mutual. Furthermore, acceptance in situations of business meetings should be entirely separate from the person who has communicated and negotiated the deal. The communicator should communicate the fact that the organization or institutions with which he is associated and himself are two different entities and any personal remarks should not constitute as business dialogues. The content or objectives of the meeting should also be separated from participants who attend it. These considerations are important for participants to be objective in their decisions whether it is a rejection or acceptance or something in between (Mulholland 1991). Hence, a human resources manager conducting a performance appraisal (a type of meeting) should communicate its objectivity and his/her role as the mediator and the organizations requirement. He/she should also communicate the separation of the employees records and performance outcome from himself the evaluator. Any negative outcome from the performance appraisal meeting should not be associated with the ill-will of the appraiser. This can be expressed through verbal communication between the participant s. Effective meetings The above dynamics are critical for influencing the progress of meetings in the desired direction of organizational objectives. However, implementing these dynamics does not necessarily guarantee efficacy of meetings. Instead there are certain procedures that need to be followed and managed for meetings to achieve its objectivity. Adair and Thomas (2003) prescribe preparation and the following formality:  ¢ planning  ¢ Informality  ¢ Participation  ¢ Purpose  ¢ Leadership They also outline the importance of purpose in meetings:  ¢ To pool available information  ¢ To make decisions  ¢ To let off steam/tension  ¢ To change attitudes  ¢ To instruct/teach Gathering information, reports, agendas and laying out technical data or equipment in advance are helpful. Meetings should be purposeful so that the information relegated is meaningful for the participants to absorb, analyze and make decisions. Whether it is a meeting of signing contracts, an employee-employer appraisal meeting or a purchase of an asset, advance planning is critical in enabling the participants to focus on the objectives. Since meetings are of groups of people from different background, different meetings tend to develop personalities of its own. Leaders or the chair persons must make efforts to understand the personality of the participants conformity, values, attitudes, prejudice or power so that they can effectively communicate in a certain manner to influence participants thinking (Adair and Thomas 2003). Furthermore, Kellie Fowler (2005) is of the opinion that running effective meetings is inherent in the skills of the leader who is managing the meeting. The leader should: Generate an agenda to all involved in the meeting Start the discussion and encourage active participation Work to keep the meeting at a comfortable pace not moving too fast or too slow Summarize the discussion and the recommendations at the end of each logical section Circulate minutes to all participants (Fowler 2005) But perhaps the most important aspect is the fine tuning of negotiation skills so that outcomes can be achieved. The first step is to choose the right participants to contribute to the decision making and problem solving initiatives. The key is to try to keep the number of participants to 12 and ensure that they are knowledgeable in the issue under consideration. The leaders role in enumerating on the agenda, guiding the participants and direct them towards it, and summing up of the debate is critical as he/she is the one who rounds up the various views to resolve the issues discussed. Confusions, misunderstanding and mix-up of any sort should be clarified before decisions are made. The basic premise for such meetings often stem from the debates or negotiating points presented by the participants. The leader or the chairperson acting as the mediator must keep the above communication principles and dynamics in mind to guide the participants in taking part in the decision and not feel neglected or lose out in the negotiation. Conclusion The above report on meetings enumerate on the process and management of effective meetings. It also outlines the importance of negotiation skills in contributing to successful business meetings under certain circumstances. The purpose of meetings as discussed is to focus on planned agenda and achieve desired outcomes. Many business meetings deviate from this focus and tend to result in inefficacy and waste of time. For this reason it is recommended that meeting participants develop planned agendas, focus on objectives and agenda, and direct the flow of communication dialogues in the same direction. More importantly, for business meetings to reach its desired conclusions, participants should engage in amicable negotiation strategies in which both parties attain a win-win situation. This adage has proven beneficial and fruitful for meetings participants as it relegated non-aggressive business conduct and communication yet at the same time achieves the desired corporate objectives. Successful meetings therefore are those that engage in extensive preparation, allow time for participants to understand agendas and purpose of the meeting and equip themselves with information for debates and discussion. Meetings that elicit positive response engage participants in positive and non-aggressive dialogues by allowing them to communicate their ideas and reservations. The leader or the participant has the choice to reject or accept or compromise but these should be communicated in an amiable manner without offending the opposing parties and at the same time do not compromise ones own position. Overall successful meetings are those that influence the objectives which the participants had before they entered the meeting room and persuade them to see ones own point of view and adopt it. References Barrett, D. J. 2004, A best-practice approach to designing a change communication programme from Sandra Oliver, A Handbook of Corporate Communication and Strategic Public Relations: Pure and Applied. Routledge: New York. p20. Foster, J. Jul 2004, Negotiate Defensively, Successful Meetings. Vol.53, Iss. 8; pg. 24 Manktelow, J. 2005, Win-Win Negotiation: Finding a fair compromise. Mind Tools, Accessed on 26-11-2005 from: http://www.mindtools.com/stress/cwt/TeamNegotiationSkills.htm Mulholland, J. 1991, The Language of Negotiation: A Handbook of Practical Strategies for Improving Communication. Routledge: New York p137. Ramundo, B. A. 1994, The Bargaining Manager: Enhancing Organizational Results through Effective Negotiation. Quorum Books: Westport, CT. p85. Timm, P. R. 1997, How to Hold Successful Meetings: 30 Action Tips for Managing Effective Meetings (30-Minute Solutions Series), Career Press.

Harley Davidson Marketing Strategies

In order for any company to survive, it must of course first and foremost be able to address the issue of its target market and what specific segregation of customers it must address. As already had been indicated by the case, Harley-Davidson's situation is that it's most prolific and profitable target market is getting out the generation and being removed from the industry of motorcycles and such products that Harley-Davidson addresses (Pugliese & Cagan, 2002).However, this is not a complete hopeless scenario because, as has been sought by many other areas of business and management policies, there are specific marketing strategies which Harley-Davidson may be able to capture given that it adjusts his message. One specific target market were Harley-Davidson may be able to apply itself is the youth target market today. This may seem contrary to the current trends of the motorcycle industry.However, specifically in the United States, it may be able to capture the teenage and adolescen t age group by focusing on the traditional qualities while adjusting its message in order to capture the advertising segregation of this age group. Today, a large number of motorcycles that are being made or distributed in the United States for the youth and early adult market are motorcycles made in Japan, Korea, or other Asian economies.The most important and powerful market method of these products in the Asian region that are being exported to the United States is their low price range as compared to American motorcycles. Also, they are able to sell their services and goods because other than the prices, the competitors of these motorcycles in the American market — aside from Harley-Davidson — have not been able to adjust to popularity through methods of advertising because of the same reason that Harley-Davidson has address the specific target market over the years.In order for Harley-Davidson to survive, it must be able to stress to the youth market that although such motorcycles that are imported from Asia from such companies are indeed cheap, the American market and industry must first and foremost also focus on only (Oliver, 1999). In fact, if it wishes to address this scenario, perhaps the advertising method that it could deliver to the youth is that motorcycles do not only have to have excellent visual quality but also build quality is low in order to ensure road safety.Harley Davidson must not ignore the fact that motorcycles are still known to be the most dangerous vehicles especially in our transportation. Through such an advertising method of safety and sturdy build quality of Harley-Davidson products, the teenager market — and even the parent market who would theoretically be financing the motorcycles that are bought by the first-generation target market — may be convinced of the safety of motorcycles for their children (Bhattacharya, Rao, & Glynn, 1995).We must remember that although the baby boomer age is in fact d eteriorating over time together with the primary target market of Harley-Davidson, by addressing their children — who they themselves would be investing for the motorcycle purchase — a relatively related market segmentation may be addressed. Another target market which Harley-Davidson may be able to address and capture is a potential market of high income middle age individuals in the United States. This income brackets is the same for high-end vehicles such as Mercedes, Jaguar, and BMW.Harley-Davidson has always focused on addressing a market that is able to afford the services and goods — and this is in fact already an existing target market of high income baby boomer generation. However, in the United States, the new high-end income brackets belong to ages between 30 to 40 years old and the company may be also to tap this potential market segment by focusing on a Harley-Davidson product being a Jaguar, Mercedes, or BMW of the motorcycle category.We must also remember that this generation and market segmentation theoretically already have motor vehicles for transportation because of their high income abilities and a motorcycle may be used — at least adjusted in advertising — as a complementary vehicle and status symbol for their generation (Berry, 1995).Although this 30 to 40 year old high income generation did not anymore belong to the baby boomer market, they are at least still the children of such baby boomers and when seeking advice to their fathers were purchasing a Harley-Davidson, such word-of-mouth marketing that focuses on quality and safety may again play as an advantage for the sales group. References: Berry, L. L. (1995). Relationship marketing of services—growing interest, emerging perspectives.Journal of the Academy of marketing science, 23(4), 236–245. Bhattacharya, C. B. , Rao, H. , & Glynn, M. A. (1995). Understanding the bond of identification: An investigation of its correlates among art mus eum members. The Journal of Marketing, 46–57. Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? The Journal of Marketing, 33–44. Pugliese, M. J. , & Cagan, J. (2002). Capturing a rebel: modeling the Harley-Davidson brand through a motorcycle shape grammar. Research in Engineering Design, 13(3), 139–156.

The Infamous Series Of Trials - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 699 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? The witch trials in Salem Witch Trials of 1692 to 1693, were the infamous series of trials that had taken place in the colonial state of Massachusetts. A number of 200 people were put on trial and about 20 people were executed from those trials. They were all accused of using witchcraft or the Devilrs Magic, women were the most commonly accused. The process would start by any citizen of the colony to make a complaint to a magistrate about an individual who is suspected of using witchcraft. The magistrate would then issue a warrant for the accused person(s) and brought to court. After listening to the accused personrs testimony, if the magistrate believes that the accused person is guilty, they will be sent to jail and wait trial. The accused would then be presented to a grand jury along with evidence that can be used against the accused by any individual who suspected the accused of witchcraft. If given a sentence to death, they then wait until the specified date which they would then be hanged. The trials had a big impact on the village of salem. They had an unstable relationship with the Native Americans, due to the aftermath of King Philips War followed by some attacks from Native Americans. This created constant fear of Indian attacks and created paranoia among the villagers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Infamous Series Of Trials" essay for you Create order The first accusations of witchcraft in Salem, began with two young girls who lived in the home of minister Samuel Parris. Three ministers had left within sixteen years due to some conflicts in the village before Parris showed up. Years later in 1692, Parriss 9 year-old daughter Betty Parris and her 12 year-old cousin Abigail Williams, started to behave differently and have physical contortions. Parris had a slave from the Caribbean named Tituba where many of the girls began go in the kitchen with Tituba and talk to her. Many of the townspeople were shocked by her followers behavior. Most of the girls would fall to the floor and scream as well as to perform a black magic dance in the woods. Rev. Parris and other ministers were unable to cure the girls through prayer and Doctor William Griggs, a village physician, believed the girls were suffering from the Evil Hand. The Puritans believed, to be cursed a witch must have to put a spell onto a individual, the girls could not have put a c urse on themselves. They were later questioned and told to name the witches. Mary Sibley, who lived in Salem, decided to do a magical procedure that would help to know the names of the witches. In secret, she told Parriss slave, John Indian, to make a witchs cake. She had to use the girls urine and to feed it to a dog to discover the names of the witches. They named three people who were: Sarah Good, a homeless mother; Tituba, the slave of the Rev. Parris; Sarah Osburn, that had a failed marriage. The girls would later name more people in the community. For each trial the accused would have to go through five different stages of evidence. The first step would be something like saying the Lordrs Prayer by memory. This was an easy test but the girls would at the trial and therefore screamed and squirm on the floor during the test. The second step was to provide physical evidence with any birthmarks, warts, moles, or other blemishes that could make it seem as devil marks. Then there was witness testimony, meaning anyone who saw the accused perform any witchcraft can easily get the accused to a quick sentence to death. The fourth step was spectral evidence, Puritans believed that the devil could possess anyone willingly. So, if anyone saw a ghost or spirit possess the accused, the person in question must be a witch. Lastly was the confession, which seems hard to convince a jury when everyone is thinking the accused is a witch. Most of the time they would cry during their confession and beg for the mercy of the town and court as well as to promise to repent. All of the confessors were not executed and those that repented accused the next person who would be in question

Camel Facts Habitat, Behavior, Diet

Camels are mammals known for their distinctive humped backs. Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) have two humps, while dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) have one. These creatures humps store fat deposits that they use as sustenance when external food and water sources are scarce. Their ability to metabolize stored food for prolonged periods of time makes them good pack animals. Fast Facts: Camel Scientific Name: CamelusCommon Name: CamelBasic Animal Group: MammalsSize: 6–7 feet in heightWeight: 800–2,300 poundsLife Span: 15–50 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: Deserts in Central Asia (Bactrian) and North Africa and the Middle East (Dromedary)Population: 2 million domesticated Bactrian camels, 15 million domesticated dromedary camels, and less than 1,000 wild Bactrian camelsConservation Status: The wild Bactrian camel is classified as Critically Endangered. Other camel species are not considered endangered. Description Camels are well-known for their distinctive humps, but they also have other distinctive characteristics that make them well-suited for living in desert conditions. Importantly, camels have the ability to close their nostrils to prevent sand infiltration. They also have two rows of long lashes and a third eyelid. Both structures help to protect their eyes in harsh environments such as sandstorms. They also have thick hair that helps to protect them from the intense sunshine in their environment as well as padded feet to help withstand the hot temperatures of the desert floor. They are even-toed ungulates (hoofed mammals). Two-humped Camel.   Elena Kholopova/EyeEm/Getty Images Camels are usually between 6 and 7 feet in height and 9 to 11 feet in length. They can weigh up to 2,300 pounds. Other physical characteristics of camels include long legs, long necks, and a protruding snout with big lips. Habitat and Distribution Bactrian camels live in Central Asia, while dromedary camels live in North Africa and the Middle East. Wild bactrian camels live in south Mongolia and northern China. They are all typically found in desert regions, although they may also live in other similar environments like prairies. While we associate camels with extremely hot temperature environments, their habitat can also include extremely low temperature environments. They form a protective coat in the winter to help with the cold and shed the coat in the summer months. Diet and Behavior Camels are diurnal creatures, which means they are active during the day. They subsist on vegetation like low-lying grasses and other thorny and salty plants. To reach such low-lying plants and grasses, camels have developed a split upper lip structure so that each half of their upper lip can move independently, which helps them eat low-lying plants and grasses. Similar to cows, camels regurgitate food from their stomach back up to their mouths so they can chew it again. Camels can hydrate themselves faster than other mammals. They have been purported to drink approximately 30 gallons of water in a little over 10 minutes. Reproduction and Offspring Camels travel in herds made up of one dominant male and a number of females. A male bulls peak fertility, called rut, occurs at various times during the year based on species. Bactrians fertility peak occurs from November through May, while dromedaries can peak throughout the year. Males will usually mate with half a dozen or so females, although some males can mate with over 50 females in one season. Female camels have a gestation period of 12 to 14 months. When it is time to give birth, the expectant mother typically separates from the main herd. Newborn calves can walk shortly after birth, and after a period of a few weeks alone, the mother and calf rejoin the larger herd. Single births are most common, but twin camel births have been reported. Threats The wild Bactrian camel is threatened mainly by illegal hunting and poaching. Predator attacks as well as mating with domesticated Bactrian camels are also threats to the wild Bactrian camel population. Conservation Status Wild Bactrian camels (Camelus ferus) are designated as critically endangered by the IUCN. Fewer than 1,000 animals are left in the wild with a decreasing population. By comparison, there are an estimated 2 million domesticated Bactrian camels. Species There are two main species of camel: Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius. C. bactrianus have two humps, while C. dromedarius have one. A third species, Camelus ferus, is closely related to C. bactrianus but lives in the wild. Camels and Humans Humans and camels have a long history together. Camels have been used as pack animals for centuries and were likely domesticated in the Arabian peninsula between 3000 and 2500 BC. Due to their unique features that allow them to withstand desert travel, camels helped to facilitate trade. Sources â€Å"Camel.† San Diego Zoo Global Animals and Plants, animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/camel.â€Å"Camel Breeding.† Breeding Camels, camelhillvineyard.com/camel-breeding.htm.